Philosophy Of Nursing Education In Terms Of The Role Of Educator

Reasoning Of Nursing Education In Terms Of The Role Of Educator The reason for this paper is to depict my way of thinking of nursing training as far as the job of instructor and student, proof based practice in nursing training and valuable educating procedures. Three key issues in nursing training are inspected: raising the instructive degree of medical caretakers, expanding interdisciplinary learning openings, and getting ready attendants to lead activities to improve care and upgrade quiet results. These difficulties are identified with my objective as an instructor. Job of the teacher The job of the teacher is to encourage understudy advancement of basic speculation by helping the understudy expand on existing information and coordinate educational plan content with clinical encounters. Dwindles (2000) depicted an instructing as a procedure of medicine where the teacher fills in as the interface among educational plan and understudy. Center skills for nursing instruction have been created by the National League for Nursing (2005). The skills incorporate encouraging a learning domain by giving structure to substance and learning exercises, objectives and goals, appraisal, assessment and input to understudies. What's more, the center skills diagram the job of teacher in educational plan advancement and program assessment. Teachers should work as good examples and change operators, attempting to consistently improve the learning experience. Instructors should work inside the scholastic condition and fill in as pioneers in grant through the turn of events and refineme nt of proof based educating rehearses. Finke (2009) plots the grant measurements of nursing instruction: revelation, reconciliation, application and educating. The powerful teacher is a facilitator, mentor, coach, and good example in ceaseless practice improvement. Job of the understudy Understudies fabricate existing information by deciphering new data through close to home builds and related involvements. Understudies utilize an assortment of learning styles and have differing instructive needs and gone to the learning involvement in an assortment of viewpoints, desires, and inspirations. Understudies who play a functioning job in learning get significant aptitudes of insightful request and disclosure. Svinicki (2011) depicted vital students as industrious and ingenious who are available to nonstop figuring out how to improve their training. Benner (2010) distinguishes the capacity to organize and a procuring a feeling of remarkable quality as focal objectives of nursing training. Through criticism, reflection, and conversation, the understudy makes importance and additions attention to individual builds affecting their discernments. Understudies create aptitudes for long lasting learning, a key to effectively adjusting to ever-evolving innovation, data, and clini cal circumstances. Helpful methodologies in nursing training The most valuable methodologies in nursing training are those that help the student coordinate clinical information with understanding experience. Crisis circumstances happen seldom in clinical practice and test system preparing assists understudies with picking up certainty as they test their exhibition under an assortment of conditions without gambling damage to a patient. Benner (2010) portrays a few procedures teachers use to upgrade learning, for example, contextualizing patients encounters, and directing understudies in figuring out how to react to evolving circumstances. Productive arranged criticism assists understudies with improving their training. Learning is additionally upgraded whenever the instructor makes open doors for understudies to coordinate clinical involvement in study hall content. Through clinical training and study hall collaborations, the instructor and understudy participate in an engaging social procedure focused on the improvement of the understudy nurtu re. Account instructional methods are a valuable technique to assist understudies with figuring out how to thoroughly consider fundamentally investigation and understanding. Intelligent journaling permits understudies to discover significance in clinical experience and investigate emotions when clinical collaborations are unpredictable or testing. Interdisciplinary joint effort on administration ventures manufactures an establishment of common regard and comprehension of jobs and limits and understudies gain from patients, families, networks and one another. The job of proof based practice in nursing training. Chisari (2006) Evidence-based components of nursing training. Ought to be embraced by all projects. Strategic teach a nursing workforce boosting their capacity to give sheltered, viable, understanding focused consideration. Oermann, 2007 Using proof in your educating. Systems that work, so much substance information, test systems preparing best practices, Three most significant issues in nursing training and why My objective as an instructor I would like to bestow the soul of nonstop improvement with the goal that students look for new information and learning openings all through their vocations. I would like to add to the planning of medical caretakers who can rehearse adequately in mind boggling, mechanical medicinal services conditions with the abilities important to work with others in the effective administration of wellbeing data and assets. I would like to uncover the learning openings that exist in ordinary experience as medical attendants interface with different orders and patients and families who are the specialists in their consideration. A large portion of all, I need to show nursing by model through regard, attentive reflection, and persistent refinement of my educating practice.

Brand Development Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Brand Development Plan - Essay Example List of chapters Introduction 5 Assumptions 5 Position Strategy 6 Target Market 7 Competitor Analysis 8 Point of Difference 10 Point of Parity 10 Building Brand Equity 11 Brand Awareness 11 Selection and Justification of Brand Elements 12 Brand Image 12 Communication Strategy 13 Measuring Brand Equity 13 Recommendation 14 Conclusion 14 References 15 Introduction Last Chance is an expanded company situated in Australia that produces and sells results of various types. The organization presently doesn't have any item in the refreshment business. It has, consequently, chose to make a passage into the Australian market for sodas. The organization plans to build up another item for the refreshment advertise. So as to dispatch the brand effectively in the market, the organization needs to direct an exploration on the current brands in the market and their exhibition. ...A proposition has been introduced in this article on how the brand can viably deal with its functionalities to yield posi tive and empowering results. The paper gives experiences into vital situating of the brand, the objective clients, potential and officeholder firms, methodologies of creating brand value and building the brand’s correspondence methodology based on assessment of the different components that have been recognized to make plausible consequences for the brand’s picture. Presumptions Last Chance is intending to infiltrate into another market. Note that this market has various set up players. Thus so as to build up its image picture and hold it in the brains of the clients for a significant stretch of time, Dew Fresh needs to make certain sensible presumptions about the qualities of the market in which it is wandering. The most significant suppositions are referenced underneath: 1. The prime client bunch for Dew new is the youthful populace having a place with the age gathering of 12 to 30 years. The individuals of this age are youthful, dynamic and eager. 2. Patterns in the soda pop industry show that most of clients have a place with the previously mentioned age gathering. They are available to new thoughts and are happy to try different things with the items that they use in their day by day lives. 3. There are different sorts of refreshments in the Australian market. Be that as it may, any sort of natural caffeinated drink has not been at this point created. Subsequently this new sort of soda is relied upon to increase an easily enormous client base.

The Power of Computer Science For Persuasive Essay Topics

The Power of Computer Science For Persuasive Essay TopicsComputer Science is one of the most difficult subjects to master, but it is also one of the most persuasive. Of course this is not to say that other subjects can't be persuasive as well, but this is true for Computer Science. If you can show that you have an understanding of this subject, and that you are able to use this knowledge to solve real life problems, then you will find that your essay is persuasive. This is a very important part of persuasive essay topics.In order to write persuasive essay topics, you need to know how to manipulate the language and how to convince people to believe what you are saying. Your topic should first be about how to solve real life problems. Your essay will be persuasive if it will discuss how to solve problems through study and research.As the topics become more persuasive, the style of writing becomes more creative. You will want to think of ways that you can fit ideas into the essay so tha t they make sense to your audience. Persuasive essay topics can be written in such a way that each idea makes sense to the person reading your essay.Computer Science is really one of the hardest subjects to master. This is because you can never really relax once you get to school. There is always something going on, whether it is about a midterm, an exam, or some other matter. Even though this can be quite stressful, you still need to do your best at school to stay focused.The best way to get through the difficult times of high school and college is to get involved with computer science. The more you can contribute to your studies, the better your chances of earning a degree. Computer science is becoming one of the most in demand careers in this day and age.Good persuasive essay topics also have to talk about other things besides just learning about computers. For example, a topic that makes sense to your audience would be 'Why computers are so popular.' Your essay should address wh y computers are so popular today and how it can benefit them. Another good topic for persuasive essay topics would be 'Why is a computer more useful to an adult than a kid?'Computer science is certainly not the only thing that is used to make persuasive essay topics. Different types of subjects can also be used to make a good essay. It just depends on how you want to write.No matter what your subject is, be sure to get involved with computer science. Take advantage of your opportunities to make computer science your subject of choice. When you get a degree in computer science, you will have many great career opportunities open to you.

Reflection Paper On Psychology And Psychology - 1135 Words

For my final project, I interviewed a professional with PhD in Psychology. However, the person I interviewed did not pursue a psychology job afterwards. Instead, he decided to pursue a job in the IT technological field. Throughout the interview, I asked questions about the hardships and dedication towards the Psychology field. Before summarizing the interview, I also decided to ask my Aunt, who graduated with her Bachelor s degree in Psychology in Minnesota State University, Mankato. During the interview with my Aunt, I asked what she wanted to do and why she did not pursue Psychology any further. Her response was shocking yet understanding. Due to giving birth to her first son in college, her mindset and vision of the future changed. She responded, I wanted to become a Clinical Psychologist. However, in the long run, it wouldn t had been worth pursuing the Psychology field when you have a child onboard your journey. When you have your first child, your whole future changes and you must also change the way you view your life. All I could think about during that time was my son s health, nurturing him, and also begin working as soon as possible to provide for my son. As I heard her responses, I understood her and the decisions she had gone through. From listening to the guest speakers in class, the field of Psychology for Clinical Psychologist has years of studying. One guest speaker said you will have no time to have a job and you will always be studying. Then, IShow MoreRelatedReflection Paper On Psychology And Psychology950 Words   |  4 PagesReflection Paper #2 In this second unit of Psychology, it was fascinating to focus in on how we as humans learn behaviors, and what can cause us to each function differently in similar situations. Many scientists from the early 20th century have contributed to what we know today about the brain and how it responds to sensations, perceptions, hearing, and conditioning. Some concepts that were most applicable to my everyday life and that I enjoyed learning about were the sensory systems, associatedRead MoreReflection Paper On Psychology And Psychology999 Words   |  4 Pagesof consciousness, an internal monologue that contributes to one’s own decision making. The idea was credited to Wilhelm Wundt, and his student Edward B. Titchener. Wilhelm Wundt was a German psychologist and founder of modern psychology who established the first psychology lab. Edward B. Titchener was a student of Wilhelm Wundt, who introduced structuralism and the school of thought. Introspections helped with my decision to go to college through a mental contrast and comparison, and the durationRead MoreReflection Paper On Psychology And Psychology1094 Words   |  5 Pages Taking Introduction to Psychology has given me the opportunity to examine myself. As I learned about concepts in class I found myself asking, â€Å"How does this apply to my life?† Soon, I grew cognizant that the curriculum was not a study in psychological diseases or a discussion of the abstract subconscious. It was exposure to constructs affecting my daily emotions, thoughts, and stresses. The areas of Psychology that push me toward my future goals and explain who I am today are my nurture, growthRead MorePsychology Reflection Paper2009 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction Throughout my life I have been known to push people away who are not like me and even though I saw myself doing it, I did not try to make a change until taking this course. Psychology has given me a better understanding of different people’s situations and spreading this information can prevent people from ignorantly judging others, something many of us are guilty of. Numerous problems in my life are starting to turn around because my new knowledge has led me to handle them ratherRead MoreReflection Paper On Psychology Of Women1334 Words   |  6 PagesRunning Head: SELF-REFLECTION 1 Self-Reflection: Psychology of Women Critical Thinking Paper 1 Hillary Cohen University of Maryland SELF-REFLECTION 2 My name is Hillary Cohen and I identify as a Jewish straight American woman. I grew up in a Conservative community surrounded by people who were a little more and a little less religious than I was. While growing up, my parents always made sure to let me and my sisters know that we could do anythingRead MoreReflection Paper On Educational Psychology2629 Words   |  11 PagesErna Ananna Professor Gefen CEDF 710, Educational Psychology Date: 17th December, 2014 Fieldwork Reflection I. Introduction: Few weeks ago, I had an opportunity to observe a fifth grade inclusive classroom in P.S. 146, Anna M. Short School which is located in the Upper East Side of Manhattan. They had a total of 32 students where 16 of them are boys and 16 of them are girls. The class has collaborative teaching system. One of the class teachers is specialized on Special Education. They have totalRead MorePsychology Paper and Self Reflection1978 Words   |  8 PagesSelf-Reflection Related to Influential Psychology Theories When psychologists were first acknowledged they began studying behaviors and biological processes. There are numerous recognized psychologists that have contributed to the seven major perspectives of today’s modern psychology. These theories include: Evolutionary theory, sociocultural theory, biopsychological theory, psychoanalytic theory, cognitivism, humanistic theory and behaviorism. The three theories that I would like to describe,Read MoreReflection Paper : Multicultural Counseling And Psychology1256 Words   |  6 PagesOnce I began to read the first few chapters of the book I began to recognize words and details that I have previously been introduced too. Thinking back to when and what classes I have had the same experience, I recall Multicultural Counseling and Psychology. Stepping out my comfort zone is what really came to mind. Growing up in a society that has changed so much over the years you would think that I would be used to it; however, asking to look at y our community with a different set of eyes is uncomfortableRead MoreEthics And Standards For Professional Psychology1264 Words   |  6 PagesReligious Use in a Therapeutic Setting Ophelia Lee Kaplan University Ethics and Standards for Professional Psychology Professor Peter Lenz May 4, 2015 This paper addresses the complexity of spirituality and religion in a therapeutic setting. This paper includes examples and information regarding upholding the Ethics Code while using religion and spiritual reasoning in psychology. It addresses the issues of a multi-faith setting, information and research on omitting religion and spiritualityRead MoreThe Profession Of Counselling Psychology1582 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The profession of counselling psychology has developed hugely during the past decade, this paper aims to provide a concise and general exploration of the nature of counselling psychology, it’s development history, where it stands among other traditional approaches, and how disciplines of psychology is linked with a range of models of psychotherapy. In 1982 counselling psychology started developing as a section within the British Psychological Society, and in 1994 it was then recognized

Research Paper on Adhd - 3517 Words

RESEARCH PAPER ON ADHD Abstract Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral development disorder among children. In the United States there are at least 2 million grade school children that are diagnosed with the disorder (Dupper, 2003). ADHD is determined to be one of the most common development disorders in children (Barlow Durand, 2009). This paper will discuss the different aspects of ADHD, its symptoms, common traits, and the known treatments being used by clinicians. Moreover, the paper will also touch on the important things to consider when dealing with ADHD, particularly in the area of social work. By doing so, it will determine why social work should be an integral part of the diagnosis and†¦show more content†¦To get a clearer picture of the disorder, APA subdivided the symptoms according to its three most important traits, inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). As most of the symptoms of ADHD may typically be present in no rmal behavioral development, APA established that only when six or more of the symptoms are present in a child can he or she be considered as suffering from ADHD (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Furthermore, the child should also exhibit these symptoms within a period of 6 months or more to completely confirm the occurrence of the disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Inattention is one of the distinguishable traits of ADHD (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). A child suffering from the symptoms of inattention in ADHD would probably lag behind schoolwork, have problems with communicating, and would struggle with cognitive activities like reading and comprehension. APA listed a total of 9 symptoms that are crucial to identifying ADHD in children (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Following is the list of these symptoms and their brief explanation: 1) Oftentimes a child will fail to give close attention to details (American Psychiatric Association, 20 000.Show MoreRelatedAdhd Research Paper837 Words   |  4 PagesADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder). ADHD is a neurological condition affecting brain development. MRI imaging has found â€Å"abnormal grey matter and cortical thickness associated with ADHD in frontal, temporal and cerebellar regions of the brain† (from the ADHD Institute). This diagnosis has been given to 11% of American school aged children between 4-17. This is nearly 6.4 million children. ( https://www.cdc.gov) This number is staggering but is this what is really affecting our childrenRead MoreResearch Papers On Adhd1645 Words   |  7 PagesDeficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Out of that eleven percent, approximately six present is actually taking medication, meaning about one out of every five children diagnosed are not taking any medication or receiving any mental health counseling. It is not one single test to diagnose ADHD in children and adults, nevertheless ADHD is diagnosed afte r a person has shown some or all ADHD symptoms regularly for no less than six months. Nearly 10 million adults have ADHD, yet countless adults are notRead MoreAdhd Research Paper858 Words   |  4 PagesSymptom improvements with proper diet in children with ADHD Does a healthy diet help improve symptoms in children with ADHD? There are several factors in this when it comes to diet. These factors include artificial food coloring, few foods diet, and vitamin intake. Researchers have done many studies with children who have ADHD to see if their symptoms improve. The first research article â€Å"Diet and ADHD, Reviewing the Evidence: A Systematic Review of Meta-Analyses of Double-Blind Placebo-ControlledRead MoreAdhd Research Paper783 Words   |  4 Pagesalso known as ADHD, has become a well-known disorder that our ears hear lightly and many don’t think twice about. Although, ADHD is presented in over 11,000,000 people that are living in the United States (Frank, 2017). ADHD is prevalent in both women and men of all various ages. Once one has this disorder, it stays with them forever. However, many therapists as well as psychologist believe that this disorder is over diagnosed and leads into false and inaccurate prescriptio ns. Due to ADHD being primarilyRead MoreResearch Paper On ADHD769 Words   |  4 PagesThis is because most children with ADHD do not have behavior problems at home. Children diagnosed with ADHD have a much better time at home due to the one on one interactions with parents and siblings. Once an ADHD child enters a classroom with eighteen to twenty other students, the ability to control themselves becomes impaired. I have worked with many children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactive disorder and am very educated on the diagnosis. ADHD is usually diagnosed in early childhoodRead MoreAdhd Research Paper740 Words   |  3 PagesAttention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, also known as ADHD, is the lifespan neurodevelopment disorder, that symptomizes of inattentiveness, impulsiveness, forgetfulness, distractibility and hyperactivity and is highly heritable and this heritable disorder has been transition, or a process that events throughout the lifespan should not affected it, into adulthood (Swift, Sayal, Hollis, (2014); Ertekin, et. al.,). Often, adults with ADHD also experience a negative effect on socio-personal adaptationRead MoreAdhd Research Paper787 Words   |  4 PagesOver Diagnosis of ADHD Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, also known as ADHD, has become a well-known disorder that our ears hear lightly and many don’t think twice about. Although, ADHD is presented in over 11,000,000 people that are living in the United States (Frank, 2017). ADHD is prevalent in both women and men of all various ages. Once one has this disorder, it stays with them forever. However, many therapists as well as psychologist believe that this disorder is over diagnosed andRead MoreADHD Research Paper948 Words   |  4 PagesADHD Treatment Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (Ford-Martin, 2014) is a mental disorder involving brief to prolonged periods of hyperactivity and the inability to focus on tasks, causing the patient to become easily frustrated and unable to sit still. 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This disorder affects nearly 2 million of the 6 million children born each year, these children are between the ages of two and five (CDC, 2017) The website is based as a teaching tool for parents and educators to gain more information. There is no one person who has come up with this information. The information is based on years of the scientific research and testing for them to put together this website

Symbolic And Free Essays

string(24) " brand can do for them\." Their efforts seem to have paid off, as evidenced by the enduring well-defined, and strong images of some of the world’s popular brands (e. G. Marlboro, Ivory, Pepsi). We will write a custom essay sample on Symbolic And or any similar topic only for you Order Now In line with this evidence, theorists and practitioners (CB. Gardner and Levy, 1955; Park et al. , 1986; Rise and Trout, 1 986) have recommended that developing, communicating, and maintaining a brand’s image is crucial to its long-term success. 32 Brand image important The importance of a brand’s image in its long-term success necessitates having a framework for strategically managing the image over the long term Park et al. , 1986). Brand managers have had very little direction for setting up such a conceptual framework. One notable exception is brand concept management (BCC) proposed by Park et al. (1986). BCC proposes that every brand image should be based on a brand concept or a brand-specific abstract meaning. In its general form, a brand concept can be either symbolic or functional, and thus comprises one aspect of a brand’s image. Functional brands satisfy immediate and practical needs. Symbolic brands satisfy symbolic needs such as those for self-expression and prestige, and their racial usage is only incidental. For example, in the category Of wrist watches, the brand Cassia would be considered a functional brand since its usefulness lies primarily in its ability to tell the time correctly. The brand Moved, on the other hand, would be considered a symbolic brand since it is used primarily for its status appeal, and its ability to tell the time is only an incidental reason for its usage. Once a concept is selected for a brand, park et al. (1986) advise that it should be maintained over the brand’s life for sake of consistency. Symbolic or functional While the notion of brand concept management is intuitively appealing, the proposition that brands can be either symbolic or functional in their appeal to consumers raises a number of interesting issues. The first issue is whether symbolism and functionality are two distinct concepts or are two ends of one brand concept continuum. In addition to the uniqueness of these two concepts, park et al. (1986) assume that each of these concepts is unidirectional. Whether that is really so has not been examined in empirical research to date. Also, to our knowledge, no measures or scales have been plopped that would assess whether a particular brand is symbolic or functional. Thus, empirical research has not directly examined these related issues. An understanding of such issues would also be very useful to marketing managers in planning positioning strategies for their brands. In this exploratory study, a set of scales are developed to assess a brand’s symbolic and/or functional value to consumers. In the process, we JOURNAL OF CONSUMER MARKETING, VOLT. 15 NO. 1 1998 up. 2-43 @ MAC UNIVERSITY PRESS, 0736-3761 examine the issue of distinctiveness and dimensionality of the two brand incepts. Two schools of thought Brand concept Background There is a long tradition of research into human needs and motivations. While there are a large number of theories and models that explain the nature of human motivation for consumption behavior, a simple typology would suggest two distinct schools of thought. The rational school o r the â€Å"economic man† model suggests that consumers are rational and try to maximize total utility. They do so by buying products based on objective criteria like price per ounce or gallons per mile (Coffman and Kane, 1994). In arriving at this excision, consumers generally go through a variety of cognitive operations that include deciding the importance of each attribute in a product category, gathering information about competing brands’ attributes, judging the levels of each attribute in competing brands, and finally using a judgment rule to decide on the optimal brand (for an exhaustive review of the information processing literature, please see Bateman, 1979). A number of researchers, however, contend that the rational model is appropriate only for goods which consumers value for their tangible and utilitarian benefits, and does not adequately capture their motivation for consuming products that satisfy their emotional wants (CB. Levy, 1959; Ditcher, 1960; Holbrook, 1980). For example, Hiroshima and Holbrook (1982) note that the rational model does not capture the multistory imagery, fantasy, fun, and emotions associated with the consumption of some products. They refer to this type of consumption, based on individual tastes and intangible product benefits, as hedonistic consumption. Thus, in contrast to the rational or information processing approach, the emotional or hedonistic school holds that consumers’ motives are motional in nature. In this perspective, individuals use personal or subjective criteria such as taste, pride, desire for adventure, and desire for expressing themselves, in their consumption decisions (Coffman and Kane, 1994). Consumer behaviorist’s have long recognized the importance of both types of motivations (CB. Katz, 1960; Metal, 1983). Empirically, several researchers have noted the existence of these two different types of motivations and the different product attribute categories that tap into these motivations (CB. Metal, 1988; Metal et al. , 1990; Sahara and Siring, 1991). Thus, both theory and research support the idea that consumers’ needs are driven by functional/ utilitarian as well as by symbolic/expressive motivations. In keeping with this tradition, park, Gasworks, and Manacling (1986) noted that consumers’ needs could be classified as being either functional or symbolic. They assert that functional needs are related to specific and practical consumption problems whereas symbolic needs are related to Selfridges and social identification. To tap into these two different types of needs, Park, Gasworks, and Manacling (1986) proposed that all brands should have a â€Å"brand incept†, which is an overall abstract meaning that identifies a brand. They suggested that a brand concept be either symbolic or functional, thus tapping into consumers’ symbolic and functional needs respectively. Park et al. S (1986) brand concept management framework advises managers to select a specific concept for a brand at the time of its introduction and then use the marketing mix to support and reinforce it over the brand’s life. This helps consumers understand with clarity what a brand can do for them. You read "Symbolic And" in category "Papers" JOURNAL OF CONSUMER MARKETING, VOLT. 15 NO. 1 1998 33 Functional or utilitarian deeds The existence of differe nt types of motivations among individuals suggests that within most product categories, consumers’ needs could be either functional or symbolic in nature, and brands could be positioned to satisfy either of these two types of needs. Thus, functional or utilitarian needs of consumers could be exploited with a â€Å"functional† brand, I. E. One positioned with a functional brand concept or meaning. Similarly, a brand could be positioned as a â€Å"symbolic† brand to tap the needs of those who wish to enhance their self-image or their social image. Park et al. Rather argued that brands should be positioned to appeal to either one of these types of needs, but not both, for a number of reasons. A brand concept that is both functional and symbolic poses problems for consumers because they cannot clearly relate the brand to either their functional or their symbolic needs. In addition, it increases the number of competing brands and makes brand image management difficult. This argument, however theoretically compelling, has not been tested in empirical research. In one related research, park et al. (1991 ) Were able to show that nonusers’ reaction to functional extensions of functional brands was more favorable than their reaction to prestige extensions of functional brands. In the same study, consumers also displayed a more positive reaction to prestige extensions of prestige brands than to functional extensions of prestige brands. Please note that, in this study, the authors assumed that brand concepts could be either functional or prestigious (not symbolic). Unanswered questions Several questions, though, remain unanswered. Are functional and symbolic brand concepts adequately distinguished in consumers’ minds? If so, what are mom characteristics that help in distinguishing these brand concepts? Is the prestige of a brand an adequate representation of a brand’s symbolism to its customers? Are functionality and symbolism merely the two ends of a continuum? In any event, is there a mechanism to assess the functionality or symbolism of brands? The paucity of research to illuminate these issues resulted in this study. This study was set up to answer the preceding questions: to investigate the phenomenon of the functionality or the symbolism of brand image and to develop scales that would help classify a brand as functional or symbolic. Apart from the theoretical contributions, the issues raised in this study have a number of managerial implications for brand positioning. Method In line with this study main objective of exploring the issue of brand mage functionality or symbolism, scales containing items thought to measure a brand’s functional or symbolic value to consumers was developed. The scale was validated by testing the scale’s ability to discriminate between brands a priori identified as functional or symbolic. Correlations among the items in the scale and exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of the data were seed to investigate the dimensionality of brand functionality and symbolism. Stimuli lie Pairs of brands were identified in a few commonly used product categories, such that one brand in each pair was, a priori, thought to be functional and the other symbolic. In other words, the first brand was thought to primarily satisfy functional needs whereas the second brand was thought to mainly satisfy the symbolic needs of consumers of the product category. The pairs of brands which were selected are shown in Table l. 34 Product category Symbolic brand Functional brand Watches Role Timex 2 Sports shoes Nikkei Converse 3 Cosmetics Lana ¶me Amiability 4 Hair cream Paul Mitchell Suave 5 Ice cream Hagen Dads Scaliest Table l. Item generation Adjectives or phrases thought to indicate a brand’s symbolism or functionality were first generated by the authors and a focus group of graduate students at a university. The focus group noted the difficulty of coming up with adjectives describing functional or utilitarian appeal. Based on these processes, three adjectives and phrases were identified as relating to functionality and 17 as relating to symbolism. Three sets of questionnaire items Three sets of questionnaire items were developed for the 20 adjectives and phrases. The first set of questions sought respondents’ agreement with various statements about individuals’ use of a brand to express themselves. The second set of items sought respondent ratings on the characteristics of the brand, whereas the third set of items sought evaluations of the user of the brand. Responses were measured with seven-point scales in all cases. With respect to the items representing brand functionality, respondents recorded their agreement with the statement that " (brand) was for eople who are down-to-earth" and evaluated the practicality Of: (1) the brand itself; and (2) the user of the brand. Brand symbolism The 17 adjectives and phrases representing brand symbolism were assessed with three sets of items. In the first set of items, respondents were to agree with these statements: (1) â€Å"people use (brand) as a way of expressing their personality’; (2) † (brand) is for people who want the best things in life†; (3) â€Å"a (brand) user stands out in a crowd†; and (4) â€Å"using (brand) says something about the kind of person you are†. The second set of items sought to evaluate these brand characteristics: (1) hemolytic; (2) prestigious; (3) exciting; (4) status symbol; and (5) distinctive v. Invitational. The third set Of items evaluated these characteristics Of the brand’s user: (1) sophisticated v. Simple; (2) not at all v. Very romantic; (3) not at all v. Very successful; 35 (4) unique v. Ordinary; (5) stylish v. Plain; (6) expressive v. Subdued; (7) glamorous v. Sedate; and (8) not at all v. Very elegant. Survey design and ad ministration Two separate questionnaires were prepared with questions on five of the ten stimulus brands such that each questionnaire contained questions about one f the brands within a product category. Thus, a subject would answer the above questions with respect to either a symbolic brand or a functional brand within a product category but not both. This procedure was used to eliminate any comparative biases in responses. The survey was administered to 62 graduate students at a major south-eastern university. Rest Its Analysis of correlations TO obtain a preliminary idea of the pattern Of relationships among these items, the correlations among the items were first examined. How to cite Symbolic And, Papers

The Jungle by Upton Sinclair

Upon Sinclair’s book The Jungle is as a powerful piece of literature. It dwells on the lives of Northern Europe immigrants who moved to Chicago in search of greener pastures. Specifically, the novel is based on daily life experiences by Jurgus Rudkus and his family. The author paints a dark picture of exploitation, poverty, and corruption on the lives of these immigrants in Chicago.Advertising We will write a custom thesis sample on ‘The Jungle’ by Upton Sinclair specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thus, this reflective treatise attempts to explicitly analyze the reasons why Jurgis and his family initially had optimism of better position in Chicago meat packing district. Besides, the paper attempts to address efforts taken by Jurgis and his family to achieve economic stability in Chicago. In addition, the treatise discusses factors which directly contributed to the destruction of the family’s economic gains . In chapter one, Jurgis and his family are living in poverty and are prisoners of economic hardship. As expected, weeding ceremonies are meant to bring joy and happiness to a family. However, cost of a weeding is the key determinant of its success. Most young men are described as stingy including Jurgis. They are surrounded by anguish, sorrow, emotional overwrought and fearful mental strain as a result of poverty1. The nights are described as their only source of pleasure since the following day is marked by hard labor. The struggle is impractical to maintain humanity amidst dehumanization. From the stories of friends who had made it in Chicago, Jurgis’ optimism rejuvenates. He epitomizes internal strength and an indomitable spirit to work hard and liberate his family economically. Jurgis’ physical strength and peasant mind drives him to move to Chicago with the hope of better opportunities for him and his family2. Fortunately, once in America, Jurgis gets employment in the meatpacking without much struggle and he is able to fend for the family comfortably. Therefore, Jurgis was overjoyed by the prospects of getting a reliable job and he is convinced of making a descent living. In fact, they were able buy a small and rickety house with their little earnings. The optimism was as a result of enthusiasm and strong possibility of living the American dream. Notwithstanding the poverty back in Northern Europe, Jurgus and his family did several things overcome absolute penury and liberate themselves economically. To begin with, they migrated from Northern Europe to escape poverty and move to America following stories of success from a fellow villager called Jokubus.Advertising Looking for thesis on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The family makes a journey of faith in search of greener pasture instead of staying and acceptinh poverty as a fate in Europe. Once in America, Jurg is makes contact with the established and ‘rich’ Jokubus and he is directed to the local stock pack house in Chicago2. Jurgis finds a stable job in the meat house within hours. Jurgis is overjoyed and inspired by the success of his fellow village mate Jokubus, who is a very successful ‘delicatessen’ owner. In spite of the fact that Jurgis got a job within moments due to his strong physique, other members of the family endeavor to graciously accept job positions offered indiscriminately notwithstanding the unfriendly and inhuman stipulations surrounding work conditions3. At the end of the day, each member of the family would earn some income. Due to constant and reliable flow of little income, the family makes a bold step to locate an affordable house and purchase the same. Owning a house is a major stride towards achieving the American dream that was deep in the heart of Jargis. Each member of this family endeavored to achieve the dream of owning a house by pulling resources together to purchase one. Notwithstanding the tricks played by fraudsters during the process of purchasing the house, members of this family graciously continue to pay the exorbitant rates in form of insurance fees3. Besides the high insurance fees, the family has to squeeze their budget further to accommodate high monthly mortgage charges until the house fully becomes theirs. To maintain income flow, Sinclair describes the inhuman and horrendous conditions of each member of the family have to endure. â€Å"From the nature of disease affecting a laborer, it was easy for Jurgis to tell the occupation and section of employment of the victim.†3 Despite this, Jurgis continues to work under these pathetic conditions in order to fend for the family and keep the American dream in progress. As a matter of fact, Jurgis even loses his father to an illness associated with his place of work at the cellar as described in chapter 143. After losing his job position to a y ounger and stronger man, Jurgis is disillusioned to the lowest ranked fertilizing plant job with even more worse working conditions. The same happens to other family members who regardless of the unbearable conditions, continue to provide labor in the market. In summary, the family believed in provision of labor through employment as means for economic liberation. In spite of earning peanuts as income, they managed to own a house and endure the inhuman work conditions. Factors which were responsible for destruction of the hard won economic gains in the Jurgis family are fraud, selfishness, underemployment, diseases, and paltry payment against excessive work. The family managed to buy a house and only realized later that the whole process of changing ownership was a fraud. The family was tricked by the selfish sellers to buy an old house repainted as new. Besides, the family had to cope up with unrealistic insurance charges because the house was located over a land fill.Advertising We will write a custom thesis sample on ‘The Jungle’ by Upton Sinclair specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, the mortgage charges per month were not directly proportional to the quality and estate value of their small and rickety house4. They are described as exorbitant and carry along erroneous rates with them. The family merely struggles to offset these bills besides buying second hand goods at unreasonable price. Reportedly, prices of food stuff are beyond their means and they are forced to stretch this small budget further and neglect most of their basic needs. Notwithstanding the fact that members of this family had unreliable jobs, a part from Jurgis, they had to squeeze the budget further to accommodate treatment which was not catered for by their employers though these illnesses were associated with place of work. Diseases played a big role towards the dwindling rates of the family’s income. Aft er Ona gave birth to a son; named after the late Jurgis’ father, she is forced to resume work only a week after delivery4. The winter weather becomes unbearable to her and she fades away from productive life. Moreover, Jurgis lost his father to illness. This translated to loss of income from his father’s contribution to the family. Besides, Ona’s income contribution also ‘faded off’ when she lost her ability to engage in productive labor and she is forced to engage in prostitution. As described in chapter 10, Sinclair states that, â€Å"Here was a population, low-class and mostly foreign, hanging always on the verge of starvation, and dependent for its opportunities of life upon the whim of men every bit as brutal and unscrupulous as the old-time slave drivers†5. Unfortunately, Jurgis’ income was also cut during the three month period out of labor market as a result of illness and depression. Regardless of having tried to hide pain ori ginating from the fracture on his leg, the doctor recommended him to stay out of productive employment for three months to recover. These three months formed the worst part of financial meltdown in the family as Jurgis lacked income for the same period. Upon recovery, he is demoted to a lower income earning job in the fertilizing plant since his position had been taken by a man described as younger and stronger. Unfortunately, Jargis failed ‘to pull himself back’ to productive employment and he was wasted away by depression, prison life, and alcoholism. Out of ignorance, the family completely lost its control of financial arms since none belonged to the workers’ union. Bibliography Sinclair, Upton. The Jungle. Chicago and Princeton: New Jersey, 1906.Advertising Looking for thesis on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Footnotes 1 Upton Sinclair, The Jungle, (Chicago and Princeton: New Jersey, 1906), chapter 1-20. 2 Upton Sinclair, The Jungle, (Chicago and Princeton: New Jersey, 1906), chapter 1-20. 3 Upton Sinclair, The Jungle, (Chicago and Princeton: New Jersey, 1906), chapter 1-20. 4 Upton Sinclair, The Jungle, (Chicago and Princeton: New Jersey, 1906), chapter 1-20. 5 Upton Sinclair, The Jungle, (Chicago and Princeton: New Jersey, 1906), chapter 1-20. 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